Group sources by theme, not by author
A literature review should be organised around ideas. When each paragraph focuses on one author at a time, the writing often becomes descriptive. Theme-based structure creates synthesis.
Compare what studies agree and disagree on
Critical review comes from comparison. Identify where studies support each other, where findings conflict, and where methodological limitations affect confidence in the evidence.
Build toward the research gap
The end of the review should make the gap feel inevitable. Readers should understand what is known, what remains unresolved, and why the next study or assignment focus matters.
Common questions
How many sources should a literature review use?
The number depends on the assignment level, word count, and rubric. A short course paper may use fewer sources, while a dissertation literature review usually requires much broader coverage.
What is synthesis in a literature review?
Synthesis means combining sources to show patterns, themes, disagreements, and gaps rather than discussing each source separately.